TABLE OF CONTENTS:

 

THE TITLE ALLAH.

THE LUNAR DEITY ALLAH.

THE TRUE ALLAH.

IMPORTANT PRE-ISLAMIC DEITIES.

 

 

THE TITLE ALLAH

 

 

Muslims are taught from birth that “Allah” simply means, “God.”  However, linguistically, historically, and archaeologically, that is false.

 

The name/TITLE Allah is probably a contraction of the Arabic “al-Ilah,” meaning literally, “the God.”  The TITLE’s origin can be traced to the earliest Semitic writings in which the word for God was “il,” “El,” or “Eloah,” the latter two used in the Hebrew Old Testament Bible.  Allah is the standard Arabic word for “God” and was used by Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews before the rise of Arabic-Muslims.

 

Allah is believed to be derived from the Syriac “Alana,” which was pre-Islamic.  It is important to remember that “Allah” is a TITLE, meaning “God,” or “The God.,” and does not refer to a name or the Name of God.  However, more archeological and historic evidence has emerged suggesting that the name Allah is derived from the Semitic root, “ilah,” meaning, “a God,” or “Deity.”  When combined with the definite article “al,” meaning “the,” it forms “al-ilah,” meaning, “The God.”  It appears across Arcadian, Aramaic, and even Hebrew.  It was later contracted to “Allah.”  The claim of originality in the Muslim world is false.

 

Archaeological excavations have led to the discovery of ancient pre-Islamic inscriptions and tombs made by Arab “Christians” in the ruins of a Church at “Umm el-Jimal” in Northern Jordan, which initially, according to Enno Littmann (1949), contained references to Allah as the proper Name of God.  Thus, Christians were the first to change the TITLE of Allah to a proper Name, which, if so, would be incorrect.  For Archaeologists to assume it to be a name instead of the TITLE is inconsistent with now known history.

 

Christians in Malaysia and Indonesia use Allah to refer to “God” in the Malaysian and Indonesian languages.  Both of them are standardized forms of the Malay language.  The German poet Siegfried August Mahlmann (May 13, 1771 – December 16, 1826) used the form Allah as the TITLE of a poem about the ultimate Deity.

 

Thousands of pre-Islamic inscriptions from Arabia are catalogued today in academic corpora, including “Oxford’s Ancient North Arabian Inscriptions Database.”  These inscriptions pre-date Islam by centuries.  Carved by nomadic and settled Arabs, not Muslims.  Just like “Ceaser” does not mean “King; so “Allah” does not mean the name of a god.

 

In the pre-Islamic “Zabad inscription,” God is referred to by the term “alif-lam-alif-lam-ha.”  This indicates that “Al-'ilah” means “The God,” without “alif” for “a.”  Linguistic and epigraphic evidence confirms that Allah was not a proper name in pre-Islamic Arabia, but a generic designation for a “high god.”  Notice, not even the one and only god.

 

Safaitic, Hismaic, and Nabataean inscriptions mention no Deity uniquely named Allah.  While South Arabian texts instead invoke distinct regional gods such as “Almaqah, Wadd,” and “Yaghuth.”  By the 5th and 6th centuries, some Arab Christians employed phrases such as “bism al-Ilah,” meaning, “In the Name of the God,” as seen in inscriptions from Zabad Jabal Usays, and Umm al-Jimal.  These uses reflect linguistic adaptation, rather than devotion to a distinct Deity.

 

Thus, Allah emerged as a linguistic and theological construct within the broader Semitic tradition.  Therefore, not as an historically continuous god descending from pre-Islamic Arabian origins.  In regards to ancestorial inscriptions pre-dating Islam, we find the Divine designation ‘Ih, which is linguistically ancestral to Allah.  Crucially, ‘Ih appears alongside other false gods, such as “al-Lat” and others.  This proves that originally, Allah was not the only god worshipped pre-Islamic.  That structure is called “Henotheism,” plurality of gods, and not “Monotheism,” as Muslims falsely claim.  Only Christianity can make that claim.

 

Regional variants of the word Allah occur in both pagan and Christian pre-Islamic inscriptions.  According to Marshall Hodgson, it seems that in the pre-Islamic Arabia, some Arab Christians undertook pilgrimages to the “Kaaba,” a pagan temple at that time, honoring Allah there as “The God Creator.”  In an inscription of Christian martyrion dated to 512 A.D., references to “al-ilah” appear in both Arabic and Aramaic.  The inscription opens with the phrase “By the Help of al-ilah.”  Note the improper none capitalization of the -- what was considered to be a TITLE.

 

Pre-Islamic Meccans worshiped Allah alongside a host of lesser “gods” and those whom they called the “daughters of Allah.”  But this was still only a TITLE and not a proper name.  The stone inscriptions do not lie.  But later Muslim theology rewrites history.  Even the Arabs did not go that far.  Thus, Islam did not introduce the name Allah.  Islam only redefined Allah as a name instead of a TITLE.  This is none other than theology being re-engineered.  Muslims do not bring inscriptions or archaeology to prove their interpretations.  They bring a made up, corrupted, and untrustworthy belief system.

 

According to Gerhard Bowering, in his work, “God and his Attributes,” “Encyclopedia of the Qur'an,” edition, by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Muhammad’s father’s name was “ ‘Abd-Allah,” meaning “The slave of Allah.”  Again, “Allah” being and referring to a TITLE.

 

South Arabian and Nabataean records reveal local pantheons and not the worship of a singular Deity named Allah.  Historical critical research confirms that no contemporary or archaeological source attests to pre-Islamic devotion to a god uniquely called Allah.

 

Islam associating Allah to Abraham, Moses, and others, is actually a later theological projection and not a reflection of pre-Islamic historical reality.  When we turn to archaeology alone, the evidence for a pre-Islamic worship of Allah disappears completely.  When we turn to historical critical scholarship, it emphasizes that no contemporary or archaeological evidence confirms pre-Islamic worship of a Deity uniquely called Allah.  Thus, Muslims need to realize that Allah is a theological construction of a needed Deity in order to have a religion, rather than an historical reality or a reality at all.  Again, there is no evidence that Allah was historically venerated as the God of the Abrahamic patriarchs.  And the theological attributes ascribed to Allah differ markedly from those associated to “Elyon.”

 

Moreover, the adaptation (needed borrowing) of Biblical narratives and (un)ethical motifs does not constitute theological or ontological continuity.  Accordingly, Islam emerges as an independent monotheistic (contrived) development.  One that reflects near Eastern religious influences.  But even those cannot be substantiated as a direct continuation of any of the confirmed Abrahamic traditions or doctrines that even the modern Christan churches hold today.  In other words, from a textual critical perspective, the two religions cannot be considered to be associated in hardly any way.  In actuality, the Qur’an emerges as a literary and theological synthesis.  One that adapts (constructs) and reinterprets Judeo-Christian false traditions, rather than preserving an original form of Abrahamic monotheism.

 

In conclusion, no pre-Islamic evidence substantiates the worship of Allah in Arabia.  Linguistic data indicates that the term Allah originally functioned as a generic designation for a “god.”  This was later redefined within Islamic theology; somewhere around the 9th and 10th, or possibly 10th and 11th centuries.  This is hard to follow, since Muslims tend to destroy any evidence that exposes their made up religion.  Thus,l Islam should be understood as a distinct monotheistic tradition.

 

 

THE LUNAR DEITY ALLAH

 

 

It is now believed, due to the standard coverup of Muslims, that the theory that Allah originated as a “moon god” began in 1901 with the archaeologist Hugo Winckler.  He associated Allah with a pre-Islamic Arabian Deity, either “Lah” or “Hubal,” whom he identified as lunar in nature.  By contrast, “Hubal” was a deity worshipped at the Ka’bah well before Islam.  This means that Allah was indeed originally worshipped as a “moon god.”  The overwhelming fact that the crescent moon is on top of Mosques today is a clear indication of the originality of this (no longer) hypophysis.

 

“Hubal” is believed to have originated from the Levant or Mesopotamia regions.  Historian Philip K. Hitti theorizes that “Hubal’s” name may have been derived from an Aramaic term (pre-Muhammad) for “spirit.”

 

Robert Morey’s book, “The Moon-god Allah in the Archeology of the Middle East,” claims that “Al-‘Uzzá” is identical in origin to “Hubal,” whom he asserts to be a “lunar deity.”

 

From Robert Morey’s book, “Islam Unveiled:  The True Desert Storm (Shermans Dias, PA:  The Scholars Press, 1991),” pages 48-49, we read, “. . .Allah.  He was the moon god, who married the sun goddess.  Together they produced thre goddesses who were called the daughters of Allah.  These three goddess were called Al-Lat, Al-Uzza, and Manat.”

 

Eighth-Century Christians believed that Muslims were pagans who worshiped a “moon god” or “moon goddess.”  They also viewed the made-up false prophet Muhammad as a “deceiver.”  Also, as Islam being a pagan religion, borrowing aspects of Judeo-Christian monotheism by elevating the “moon god” “Hubal” to the rank of “Supreme God,” or “Allah.”

 

In the 8th-Century, Arab historian Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi’s, in his work, “Book of Idols,” the idol “Hubal” is described as a human figure with a gold hand (replacing the original hand that had broken off the statue).  He had seven arrows that were used for divination.

 

It is argued that the Aramaic designations “Eloah” and “Alaha” are phonetic parallels.  However, they do not substantiate any ontological equivalence between the Hebrew God “Elohim” in Genesis, Chapter One, or “Elyon” in Psalm 32, or any other Deity.  Plus, for Muslims to argue this is to deny one of their main doctrines.  Why?  Because these Names imply a plurality of Godhead which Muslims clearly reject; Qur’an 4:171.

 

 

THE TRUE ALLAH

 

 

The “Encyclopedia of Religion” and Robert A. Morey, in his work, “Islam Unveiled:  The True Desert Storm (Shermans Dise, PA:  The Scholars Press, 1991,” page 46, mentions that “Allah is a pre-Islamic name. . . corresponding to the Babylonian Bel.”

Note:  The Babylonian “Bel” is the Canaanite “Ba-al.”

 

All throughout the Old Testament Scriptures the True God punishes the Israelites and warns them not to worship the competing god “Ba-al.”  In the New Testament, “Ba-al” is “Beelzebub,” Mark 3:22, meaning, “Lord of the Flies.”  In verse 22, “the Scribes” identify “Beelzebub” as “the prince of the devils.”  In verse 23, Jesus identifies this false deity as “Satan;” who of course, is “the prince of” demons.

 

It is well known that “Hubal” was the chief deity of Mecca, enshrined in the Ka’bah.  “Hubal” is the Arabic name for “Ba-al.”  The feminine counterpart of Ba-al was “Baalah,” or “Baalath,” see “Baethgen, Beitrage zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte,” 1888.  Thus, Hubal became the female deity as opposed to the male deity Ba-al.

 

In Arabic history of the time, the Moon was worshipped as a male deity, while the sun was worshipped as a female deity.  The sun was also deemed the wife of the moon.  The Arabic word for the moon is “Qamar,” which is of a masculine gender.  The Arabic word for the sun is “Shams,” which of course is of feminine gender.  The Arabs in Mecca looked upon the sun as a goddess and the moon as a god.  Notice any crescent moons on Muslim temples?

 

From “Gods, Goddesses and Mythology,” Edition, by C. Scott Littleton (Marshal Cavendish Corporation 2005), Volume 11, page 137, we read, “Hubal Chief god of the Ka’ba; a martial and oracular deity; a moon god.”

 

From “The Oxford Dictionary of Islam,” Oxford University Press, 2003, page 117, we read, “Hubal A pre-Islamic deity represented by an idol in Kaaba that was destroyed by Muhammad when he conquered Mecca in 630.  Patron of the Quraysh, leading tribe of Mecca.”

 

Note:  The Chief god of the tribe of Quraysh was Hubal.  If born at all, Muhammad was born and raised in Ba-al worship.

 

From “The New Encyclopedia of Islam,” Third Edition (Stacey International, 2008), page 209, we read, “Hubal = an idol, the God of the Moon.  Centuries before Islam, ‘Amr ibn Luhayy, a chief of the tribe of Jurhum who dwelt in Mecca before the coming of the Quraysh tribe, brought the idol to the city from Syria.  It was set up in the Ka’bah and became the principal idol of the pagan Meccans.  The ritual casting of lots and divining arrows was performed in front of it.

 

“Hubal was pulled down and used as a doorstep when the Prophet conquered Mecca and purified the Ka’bah.”

 

Note:  Mecca did not exist until 741 A.D., so the point is that Hubal was worshipped as the moon god.  That Hubal came from Syria makes more sense.  And the chief god in Syria was Ba-al.

 

From Martin Lings, in his work “Muhammad:  His Life Based on the Earliest Sources,” page 5, we read, “Khuza ‘ah thus shared the guilt of Jurhum.  They were also to blame in other respects:  a chieftain of theirs, on his way back from a journey to Syria, had asked the Moabites to give him one of their idols.  They gave him Hubal, which he brought back to the Sanctuary, setting it up within the Ka’bah itself; and it became the chief idol of Mecca.”

 

Note:  The Moabites main god was “Chemosh,” First Kings 11:7 & 33; as were the Ammonites (Jud. 11:24).  Moab and Ammon being kindred nations, descended from a common ancestor, Lot.  That the Moabites were worshippers of Ba-al, see Numbers 25:1-3.

 

The Ka’bah was built for the worship of Ba-al.  Later, Allah is worshipped along with kissing of the “Black Stone” upon the Ka’bah.  Allah is merely a replacement of Ba-al worship.

 

From Fred McGraw Donner, in his work, “Muhammad And The Believers:  At The Origins Of Islam,” Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010, Chapter One, “The Near Fast on the Eve of Islam,” page 35, we read:  “At the center of the town was the shrine called the Ka’ba -- a large, cubical building with a sacred black stone affixed in one corner -- that was the sanctuary to the pagan god Hubal.”

 

From Karen Armstrong, in the same book, “Officially, the shrine was dedicated to Hubal, a Nabatean deity, and there was 360 idols arranged around the Kabah, probably representing the days of the year.”

 

From Hajj Peters, in his work, “The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Provence’s,” Princeton University Press, NJ, 1994, pages 24-25, we read, “[24] Amr ibn Luhayy brought with him (to Mecca) an idol called Hubal from the land of Hit in Mesopotamia,  Hubal was one of the Quraysh’s greatest idols so he set it up at the well inside the Kab’a and ordered the people to worship it. [25] Thus a man coming back from a journey would visit it and circumambulate the House before going to his family, and would shave his hair before it.”

 

Note: Muslims today still “circumambulate,” circle, the Ka’bah, and “shave” their “hair before it.”  This is all before the invention of Muhammad.

 

 

IMPORTANT PRE-ISLAMIC DEITIES

 

 

Baal-Hadad is depicted as a solar Deity shown as a disk in a crescent moon.

 

Assyrian-style relief of King Bar-Raqqah from the 8th century, B.C., found in Syria, is of a crescent moon.

 

In Mesopotamia, both “Ba-al” and “Bel” were displayed as a crescent moon.  The horns of a bull were considered to be in the form of a crescent moon, and therefore, the worship of “Ba-al” shown as a bull was common.  Even in Egypt (see Exodus 32:4 & 8).  Inside, or above the crescent moon was depicted the sun; indicating the moon birthing the sun.  This also correlates to Ashtoreth and Tammuz; Isas and Toros; the male female portion of the worship phase.