
Biblically Acceptable Wine
A) BEFORE WE START.
B) A BREAKDOWN OF THE HEBREW AND GREEK.
C) A LITTLE HISTORY.
D) THE KIND OF “WINE” JESUS REALLY MADE AT CANA’S WEDDING.
E) THE MORAL IMPLICATIONS OF CHRIST’S WEDDING WINE.
F) CHRIST AND THE PASSOVER WINE.
G) OTHER OBSERVATIONS AND OBJECTIONS.
H) DEUTERONOMY, CHAPTER 14.
I) PSALM 104, VERSE 15.
J) PROVERBS, CHAPTER 31.
K) ISAIAH 25:6.
L) LUKE, CHAPTER 5.
M) LUKE, CHAPTER 7.
N) ACTS, CHAPTER 2.
O) EPHESIANS, CHAPTER 5.
P) FIRST TIMOTHY, CHAPTER 5.
Q) FIRST PETER.
R) IN CONCLUSION.
A) BEFORE WE START
FIRST OF ALL: If Jesus is not LORD of your life, and if this is really about “alcohol” and not Jesus, then nothing I can teach you or show you here in this Bible Study will matter. HOWEVER, abstinence people will abuse people with their abstinence. If you are of the liberal mindset, you will abuse your liberty and abuse your unliberal counterparts, because Jesus is not Lord in this area of your life; and there is nothing that can fix that (either party).
According to Habakkuk 2:4, “wine” is a “transgression” of God’s Law and counted as a sin.
Something that is VERY important to understand is that the New Testament Greek word translated as “be sober,” (1Pe. 1:13 & 5:8; 1Th. 5:6 & 8 as examples) which occurs 6 times, is “G3525; nepho,” which literally means, “to abstain from [fermented] wine.”
By contrast, the Bible (our Lord) does specify times when drinking fermented wine (alcohol) is acceptable. Therefore, before you think this Bible Study is just about not drinking alcohol ever (our Lord’s wish for your life), please keep reading and study hard to find God’s Will for your life in this area.
Unfortunately, this Bible Study is not on the Lordship of Jesus in your life. If you need help there, please see my Bible Study upon “SALVATION.”
“The carefulness with which the mother should guard her habits of life is taught in the Scriptures. When the Lord would raise up Samson as a deliverer for Israel, ‘the angel of Jehovah’ appeared to the mother, with special instruction concerning her habits, and also for the treatment of her child. . . [MH 372.2]
“The effect of prenatal influences is by many parents looked upon as a matter of little moment; but Heaven does not so regard it. The message sent by an angel of God, and twice given in the most solemn manner, shows it to be deserving of our most careful thought. [MH 372.3]
“In the words spoken to the Hebrew mother, God speaks to all mothers in every age. ‘Let her beware,’ the angel said; ‘all that I Commanded her let her observe.’ The well-being of the child will be affected by the habits of the mother. Her appetites and passions are to be controlled by principle. There is something for her to shun, something for her to work against, if she fulfills God’s purpose for her in giving her a child. If before the birth of her child she is self-indulgent, if she is selfish, impatient, and exacting, these traits will be reflected in the disposition of the child. Thus many children have received as a birthright almost unconquerable tendencies to evil. [MH 372.4]
“But if the mother unswervingly adheres to right principles, if she is temperate and self-denying, if she is kind, gentle, and unselfish, she may give her child these same precious traits of character. Very explicit was the Command prohibiting the use of wine by the mother. Every drop of strong drink taken by her to gratify appetite endangers the physical, mental, and moral health of her child, and is a direct sin against her Creator.” MH:372.2-373.1.
B) A BREAKDOWN OF THE HEBREW AND GREEK
UNFERMENTED
[OT] Aciyc = Fresh grape-juice (as in just trodden out), juice that is new sweet wine.
[OT] Mamcak= Mixture, wine mixed with water, drink offering, mixed wine.
[OT] Tiyronsh or Tiyrosh or Tirosh = Fresh grape-juice (as in just squeezed), rarely fermented, new.
[NT] Gleukos = Sweet wine, fresh juice, new wine.
[NT] Oinos = Wine.
A note on the Greek word “Oinos.” This word can mean either fermented, when unmixed with water, or unfermented, when mixed with water. Examples of the dual usages of “oinos” abound in secular Greek writings. In his book “Metereologica,” Aristotle (B.C. 384-322) speaks of “unfermented” “grape juice,” not using the Greek word “Gleukos,” saying: “though called wine [oinos], it has not the effect of wine [oinos], for it does not taste like wine [oinos] and does not intoxicate like ordinary wine [oinos].” In this text, Aristotle explicitly informs us that unfermentedgrape juice was called “oinos-wine,” though it did not have the taste or the intoxicating effect of ordinary wine.
In the “Septuagint,” an intertestamental Greek translation of the Old Testament, “the Hebrew word for grape-juice, tirosh,” as Ernest Gordon points out, “is translated at least 33 times by the Greek word oinos, wine, and the adjective ‘new’ is not present. Oinos without qualification, then, can easily mean unfermented wine in the New Testament.” Therefore, we must consider strongly the “context” in which this Greek word is set.
FERMENTED
[OT] Chemer = Wine as in fermented, boiled up pure red wine.
[OT] Cobe = Carousal drink, drunken, wine.
[OT] Shathah = Strong drink, to imbibe, banquet, certainly drunk.
[OT] Shekar = Strong drink, an intoxicant, intensely alcoholic liquor, drunkard.
[OT] Semer = Finely aged wine, termed unsettled, stagnant.
[OT] Sobe = Intoxicating, drunkard.
[OT] Yayin = Effervesce, wine as fermented, implies intoxication, banqueting, wine-bibber.
[NT] Oinophlugia = An overflow or surplus of wine, drunkenness, excess of wine.
[NT] Oinos = Wine. See Above.
[NT] Paroinos = Staying near wine, tippling, given to wine.
[NT] Sikera = Strong drink, an intoxicant, intensely fermented liquor.
A note on the Hebrew word “yayin.” In rare cases the Hebrew term for “wine,” i.e., “yayin,” was used to refer to either fermented or unfermented wine. The “Jewish Encyclopedia” explains: “Fresh wine before fermenting was called ‘yayin mi-gat’ (wine of the vat; Sanh 70a).” The “Halakot Gedalot,” which is the earliest Jewish compendium of the “Talmud,” states: “One may press out a cluster of grapes and pronounce the Kiddush over the juice, since the juice of the grape is considered wine [yayin] in connection with the laws of the Nazirite.” And we all know that a “Nazirite” was not to drink fermented wine.
Therefore, the use of “yayin” in the Old Testament to denote unfermented grape juice is not always self-evident; because it does not come under condemnation like the fermented “yayin.” In several passages, however, the context clearly indicates that the word does designate unfermented grape juice (see Jer. 40:10 & 12; Neh. 13:15; Lam. 2:12; Gen. 49:11; Sos. 1:2 & 4; 4:10).
An excellent example of “yayin’s” unfermented value is seen in Isaiah 16:10, which speaks of God’s judgment upon Moab, manifested through the removal of the Divine blessing from the vineyard and the grape juice: “And joy and gladness are taken away from the fruitful field; and in the vineyard no songs are sung, no shouts are raised; no treader treads out wine [yayin] in the presses; the vintage shout is hushed.” Therefore, the “wine” (“yayin”) that has been trodden out in the pressing vat is obviously UNFERMENTED grape juice since fermentation is a time-controlled process.
An even more excellent place to really see an example of the use of UNFERMENTED wine is found in Isaiah 65:8: “Thus saith the LORD, As the new wine [“tiyronsh”] is found in the cluster, and one saith, Destroy it not; for a blessing is in it: so will I do for My servants’ sakes, that I may not destroy them all.” The word for wine used here is “tiyronsh,” meaning “fresh grape-juice.” We can know this for a certainty because of the qualifying phrase, “in the cluster.” Wine found in a cluster, just off the vine in other words, would not and cannot be fermented. See also Numbers 13:23-24. By contrast, FERMENTED wine can be found in Proverbs 23:31: “Look not thou upon the wine [“yayin”] when it is red, when it giveth his colour in the cup, when it moveth itself aright.” The word for wine used here is “yayin,” meaning of the intoxicating kind, which is clear from the context of this text.
Now that we understand the Bible’s use of words, which in order to understand them one must go to the Greek or Hebrew, you can master the Biblical word “wine” whenever it is used. Therefore, the rest of this Bible Study is for those objectors and those non-objectors who need more ammunition.
C) A LITTLE HISTORY
In Biblical times, “boiling” was done in order to store the pure substance of the grape, i.e., to make it storable. Boiling would cause all the liquid to evaporate, leaving a storable paste (such as with canning), and with the liquid gone, no fermentation could take place. Jesus spoke of the new wine (Greek, “oinos”) as being stored in new wineskins (Mat. 9:17; Mark 2:22; Luke 5:37-38), so that no fermentation could occur; as it could spoil or tear the old wineskins.
The same principle is applied in canning today, in that a bad seal means spoiled goods. This paste was then used (like we use jam today) on bread, or “mixed with water,” three to twenty-parts water to one-part paste for drinking. This form of drinking “wine” was “non-intoxicating,” because the paste was mixed with too many parts of water, even if the paste should begin the fermentation process. We do the same today when we mix frozen orange juice with water, thus being unable to then drink the straight juice of the orange (or for it to become intoxicating in a short amount of time.
Our job as Christians is to determine which kind of Biblical “wine” God approves of: fermented or unfermented. Let us also realize that most Biblical “wine” was a paste that always had to be “mixed with water” in order to drink it, remembering that the least amount would be three-parts-to-one, and the generally accepted twenty-parts-to-one paste (of course that form would be nearly impossible to become drunk from). Consequently, when the Bible says, “strong drink” (“shekar,” “shatham,” or “sikera”), it literally means: “unmixed (with water), fermented,” and of an “intoxicating form.”
In comparison to fermented wine, the preservation of grape juice (unfermented wine) was a relatively simpler process. Ancient sources inform us that it was accomplished in four main ways:
1) By “boiling” down the juice to syrup;
2) By separating the fermentable pulp from the juice of the grape by means of “filtration;”
3) By placing the freshly pressed grape juice in “sealed wine skins” which were immersed in a pool of cold water, and;
4) By “fumigating” the wine skins with sulfur before sealing them. Pliny, “Natural History,” pages 11 & 14 & 85.
Thus, contrary to popular opinion, the problems the ancients encountered in preserving fermented wine were as great as, if not actually greater than, those faced in preserving unfermented grape juice. To prevent fermented wine from becoming acidic, moldy, or foul-smelling, vintners used a host of preservatives such as salt, seawater, liquid or solid pitch, boiled-down must, marble dust, lime, sulphur fumes, or crushed iris.
Marcus Porcius Cato (B.C. 234-150), who is considered the father of both Latin prose and literature on agriculture, refers to the use of some of these preservatives, saying: “If necessary, add to the new wine a fortieth part of must boiled-down from untrod grapes, or a pound and a half of salt to the culleus [a liquid measure]. If you use marble dust, add one pound to the culleus; mix this with must in a vessel and then pour into the jar. If you use resin, pulverize it thoroughly, three pounds to the culleus of must, place it in a basket, and suspend it in the jar of must; shake the basket often so that the resin may dissolve. When you use boiled must or marble dust or resin, stir frequently for twenty days and press down daily.”
Columella, a renowned agriculturalist who lived in the First Century A. D., discusses at great length the different methods used to preserve grape juice (unfermented). In speaking of its preservation by boiling, he writes: “Some people put the must in leaden vessels and by boiling reduce it by a quarter, others by a third.” “Wine in the Bible,” pages 95-101, by Samuel Bacchiocchi. He goes on explaining that “afterwards, when it has cooled, you should pour it into vessels, cover it and seal it up; in this way it will keep longer and no harm will befall it.” From Chapter 4, “The Preservation of Grape Juice,” as found in, “Wine in the Bible,” pages 95-101, by Samuel Bacchiocchi.
Josephus tells us that the Romans were astonished to find in the fortress of Masada, wine, oil, fruits and cereals freshly preserved, though they had been stored for several years. See “Wine in the Bible,” pages 114-127. Furthermore, rabbinical sources specifically mention the use of boiled wine. “Columella, On Agriculture 12”, 19,1, transcript. E. S. Forster and Edward H. Heffner, in their work, “The Loeb Classical Library,” (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1955).
The custom of preserving grape juice by “boiling it down” into a syrup has survived through the Centuries in the Near East and Mediterranean countries. This beverage is known as “vino cotto,” (boiled wine) in Italian, “vin cuit,” in French, “nardenk” in Syriac and “dibs” in Arabic. Other indications that the ancient Jews preserved wine by “boiling”it, are found in “John Kitto’s Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature,” stating: “The Mishna states that the Jews were in the habit of using boiled wine. ‘They do not boil the wine of the heave-offering, because it diminishes it,’ and consequently thickens it, thus rendering the mingling of water with it when drunk necessary; but it is immediately added, ‘Rabbi Yehudah permits this because it improves it’ (Teroomoth Perek 100, 11).”
Marcus Cato, in his work, “On Agriculture John Kitto,” “Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature,” 1845 edition, s. v. “Passover,” volume 2, page 477, transcript. William Davis Hooper, in his work, “The Loeb Classical Library,”(Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1960). It is also stated in the “Mishna,” that the wine to be used for the Passover was required to be mixed with water, i.e., “unfermented.”
D) THE KIND OF “WINE” JESUS REALLY MADE AT CANA’S WEDDING
Before we get into the truth of what kind of “wine” Jesus made, let’s consider the logistics of Christ, The Messiah, making fermented “wine.” Whenever Jesus claimed to be God, whenever He challenged a doctrine of the Scribes and Pharisees, they were all over Him with various attacks. For Jesus to have made fermented “wine,” and for the Jewish leaders to be totally silent about all the drunken people going home from a wedding (you know that is what they would have claimed; even if none were totally intoxicated), is outside the realm of reason for them to miss that opportunity.
Now when Jesus made the “wine” at the wedding at Cana (John 2:9-10, Greek, “Oinos,” in this case, “mixed wine,” i.e., “mixed with water,” let us remember that He first had the servants fill the jars with “water” (verse 7). And since it was a water base, we can safely assume it was “mixed” or better, “non-fermented new wine,” as fermentation needs time to take place. Even a fermented liquid mixed with three-parts water is classified as non-alcoholic, even sub-alcoholic. Jesus’ “wine” being mixed with full jars of water would therefore be of the non-intoxicating kind.
However, as a friend pointed out, the adding of water by the servants (verse 7) is only God’s assurance that we take part in His miracle workings. Also, Jesus did not need water to make the wine from. God creates from nothing. Therefore, the FACT that our Lord used water, let us come to the correct outcome of non-intoxication.
By contrast, no one should argue that there was no “water” in Christ’s “wine.” The narrative is quite clear that “water” (verse 7) was used. It is almost as if God knew (didn’t He know?) that this excuse of it being intoxicating wine as an argument would come up in the future, even to our day and our time. Therefore, Jesus made sure to instruct the servants to “fill” the flasks with water.
As a result, this information becomes relevant to this Bible Study. When the Bible says, “wine,” we must determine which kind of “wine,” and of what nature the “wine” is. The same is true in the Biblical uses of the word “meat.” The meaning of which is generally a generic type of “food,” as in bread (Lev. 2:1) and not necessarily “meat,” as in “flesh meat.” Therefore, sentence structure and context must be studied before determining which type is meant.
Those who advocate that Jesus’ “wine” must have had alcoholic potency due to the statement made by “the governor of the feast,” John 2:19, in which he says of the “wine” in verse 10, that it was “good wine,” are basing their assumptions on the taste of twenty-first Century drinkers who define the goodness of “wine” in proportion to its alcoholic strength. But this was not necessarily true in the Roman world of New Testament times, where the best wines were those, whose alcoholic potency, had been removed by “boiling” or “filtration.”
However, let’s consider what the “ruler of the feast,” verse 7, was really saying if this was really “FERMENTED WINE.” What “the governor of the feast,” verse 7, is saying is in verse 10, “Most men put forth the most expensive FERMENTED WINE first, in order for the debauchery to begin; then they put out the cheap FERMENTED WINE.” DO YOU REALLY BELIEVE THAT IS WHAT JESUS IS BEING ACCUSED OF?
Let’s look at the moral implications. The verb “methusko” in John 2:10, is used in the sense of satiation. It refers simply to the large quantity of “wine” generally consumed at a feast, without any reference to intoxicating effects. Those who wish to insist that the “wine” used at the feast was alcoholic and that Jesus also provided alcoholic “wine,” though of a better quality, are driven, and must also come to the conclusion, that Jesus, in addition to providing a large additional quantity of intoxicating “wine,” did so in order that the wedding party could continue its reckless indulgence of fermented “wine” that was already present and used before His. Such a conclusion destroys the moral integrity of our Lord’s character.
Moral consistency demands that Christ could not have miraculously produced intoxicating “wine” for the use of men, women and children gathered at the Cana’s wedding feast, without becoming morally responsible for their intoxication. Scriptural and moral consistency requires that “the good wine,” verse 10, produced by Christ was fresh, unfermented grape juice.
In regards to the statement, “well drunk,” the assumption is that the expression indicates that the wedding guests were intoxicated, and thus “the good wine” provided by Christ must also have been intoxicating. This misinterprets and misapplies the comment of the master of the banquet and overlooks the broader usage of the verb. The Greek verb “methusko,” translated “well drunk,” can also mean, “to drink freely,” as rendered by the “RSV,” without any implication of intoxication.
A historian of the time, Pliny, for example, says that “wines are most beneficial (utilissimum) when all their potency has been removed by the strainer.” In his work, “Natural History,” pages 23-24. Similarly, Plutarch points out that “wine” is “much more pleasant to drink” when it “neither inflames the brain nor infests the mind or passions,” in his work, “Symposiac,” 8, 7. The reasoning is because its strength has been removed through frequent filtering.
In a statement cited in William Patton’s work, “Bible Wines,” “Laws of Fermentation” (Oklahoma City, n. d.), page 83, we read, “The Jews do not, in their feasts for sacred purposes, including the marriage feast, ever use any kind of fermented drinks. In their oblations and libations, both private and public, they employ the fruit of the vine -- that is, fresh grapes -- unfermented grape-juice, and raisins, as the symbol of benediction. Fermentation is to them always a symbol of corruption.”
In his article on this verb “well drunk,” in his work, “Theological Dictionary of the New Testament,” Herbert Preiskerobserves that, “Methuskomai is used with no ethical or religious judgment in John 2:10 in connection with the rule that the poorer wine is served only when the guests have drunk well.” Herbert Preisker, “Methe, Methuo, Methuskomai,” “Theological Dictionary of the New Testament,” edition, as quoted by Gerhard Kittel (Grand Rapids, 1967), volume 4, page 547.
E) THE MORAL IMPLICATIONS OF CHRIST’S WEDDING WINE
The Scripture plainly states in Habakkuk 2:15: “Woe unto him that giveth his neighbour drink, that puttest thy bottle to him, and makest him drunken.”
Another very important point for the support of the view (my view) that “Christ’s Wedding Wine” was not of the intoxicating kind, is seen by the very adjective used to describe the “wine” used here, namely “kalos,” which denotes that which is morally excellent, instead of the Greek word which could have been used, “agathos,” which simply means “good.” “It must be observed,” notes Leon C. Field, “that the adjective used to describe the wine made by Christ is not agathos, good, simply, but kalos, that which is morally excellent or befitting. The term is suggestive of Theophrastus’ characterization of un-intoxicating wine as moral (ethikos) wine.” “Oinos: A Discussion of the Bible Wine Question,”(New York, 1883), page 57.
A second discrediting of the evidence towards the “wine” at the Jewish wedding at Cana not being fermented, would be because of the Jewish custom of not offering fermented drinks at sacred festivals. The reason given is because of the presence of women and children who were not allowed to drink alcoholic beverages. The “Talmud” specifically indicates that drinking intoxicating liquid to the accompaniment of musical instruments in festive occasions such as a “wedding was forbidden.” See “Sotah 48a;” also, “Mishna Sotah,” 9 & 11.
Also, please consider Matthew 26:29: “But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine [unfermented grape juice], until that day when I drink it new with you in My Father’s kingdom.” Note the word “new,” as in “new wine,” and “fruit of the vine,” i.e., taken from off of the vine, fresh. This Bible passage clearly shows us that the kind of “wine” Jesus drank and will drink was and is from the “vine,” or rather, as fresh as you can get it. Also, a very important unarguable point would be that there is no death in Heaven (fermenting grapes). Therefore, Jesus will be drinking “unfermented wine” in Heaven, just like He did here on this earth.
F) CHRIST AND THE PASSOVER WINE
Some question whether the “Passover wine” of which Christ partook of was fermented. “The Passover wine, untouched by fermentation, is on the table. These emblems Christ employs to represent His own unblemished sacrifice. Nothing corrupted by fermentation, the symbol of sin and death, could represent the ‘Lamb without blemish and without spot.’ 1 Peter 1:19.” DA:653. This would not be even in question or doubt if we understand the Biblical injunction from Exodus 12:19, about there being no fermentation – “leaven” – during the Passover celebration. And First Corinthians 5:8, teaches us that “leaven” equals “malice and wickedness.”
Therefore, Christ would not be our perfect sacrifice if He had placed the fermented “oinos,” “not mixed with water wine,” into His Holy body as our perfect Sacrifice; just as if He would not have eaten leavened bread at the Passover meal. Yet no one suggests that Christ did that; but they do suggest He drank “fermented wine” in order to pervert their own palate, made acceptable by Christ Himself. However, since we reason that the purpose for unleavened bread was for a representation of the lack of sin, why not the same reasoning for the wine?
The foregoing considerations indicate that the Biblical approval or disapproval of “wine” is determined not by the amount of “wine consumed,” but by the nature of the “wine” itself. Now here is another interesting point in regards to this Passover meal. In Mark 14:13-15 (see also Luke 22:10) we have a “good man of the house.” This “good man of the house” signifies simply the “master” of the house. The original Greek word “oikodespotēs,” expresses nothing respecting his character, whether it was good or bad. This man was employed, being the master of the houses servant, or the “master of the house” himself, in carrying to the house the water which was to be used for the baking of the unleavened bread on the following day; for on that day it was not lawful to carry any water (due to Pharisaical rules, not Biblical rules).
Hence, they were obliged to fetch it on the preceding evening. This water was also used as property to be mixed with the “wine” at the Passover meal; for as we have learned, “wine” in those days was preserved as a paste, like we would purchase a frozen container of orange juice, add three volumes of water to it, and then serve it as fresh orange juice. Therefore, the “wine” that was served at the Passover Meal was of the non-intoxicating mixture and kind.
Another observation to consider is that when the translators gave us the phrases “be sober” and “be temperate,” both of these phrases come to us from the same Greek verb, which is compounded into two words: “ne pino,” which literally means, “do not drink,” or “be abstinent.” For example, the passage in First Thessalonians 5:6-8, consists of a number of contrasting parallels, i.e., “light and darkness,” “day and night,” “waking and sleeping,” “to be sober and not to be drunk.” In light of the contrasts between the sons of the day, who are sober, and those of the night, who are drunk, it is evident that the exhortation to “be sober” literally means not merely to be mentally vigilant, but primarily to be physically abstinent.
G) OTHER OBSERVATIONS AND OBJECTIONS
Fundamental importance is attached to the “wine” of the Last Supper because Christ not only used it, but also even Commanded it to be used until the end of time as a memorial of His redeeming blood (Mat. 26:28-29; Mark 14:24-25). It is widely believed that the “wine” of the Last Supper was alcoholic for two main reasons:
(1) The phrase “fruit of the vine” is a figurative expression which was used as the functional equivalent of fermentedwine [WHICH IS A FALSE CONCLUSION; see discussion above], and;
(2) The Jews supposedly used only “fermented wine” at the Passover [ABSOLUTELY FALSE; see discussion above; else Christ was not a perfect Sacrifice for sin; fermentation being a representation of said same].
In regards to belief number two (2), it is totally discredited by several important considerations. The language of the Last Supper is significant in that: In all the “Synoptic Gospels,” Jesus calls the contents of the cup, “the fruit of the vine” (Mat. 26:29; Mark 14:25; Luke 22:18). The noun “fruit,” Greek “gennema,” denotes that which is produced in a “NATURAL STATE,” just as if it were gathered that day. “Fermented wine” is not the natural “fruit of the vine.” How clear must that phrase be for you? But the unnatural fruit of fermentation and decay (keeping in mind that Jesus is our perfect Sacrifice, not our fermented sacrifice), would be an unacceptable sacrifice; just as Cain’s offering was unacceptable; while Abel’s was accepted.
The Jewish historian Josephus, who could be considered in a way, a contemporary of the Apostles, explicitly calls the three clusters of grapes freshly squeezed into a cup by Pharaoh’s cupbearer as “the fruit of the vine.” This establishes unequivocally that the phrase was used to designate the sweet, unfermented juice of the grape. If the contents of the cup were alcoholic wine, Christ could hardly have said, “Drink ye all of it,” Matthew 26:27; Mark 14:23; Luke 22:17, especially in view of the fact that Christ, Who taught us to pray, “lead us not into temptation,” would not have made His memorial table a place of irresistible temptation for some who have overcome, or not overcome, this habit. Or, as in today’s Christianity, a habitual habit of having “wine” with your meal.
Furthermore, support for the unfermented nature of the “Communion wine” is provided by the “Mosaic Law,” which required the exclusion of all fermented articles during the Passover Feast (Exo. 12:15; 13:6-7). Jesus understood the meaning of the letter and spirit of the “Mosaic Law,” since He wrote It, regarding “unfermented things,” as indicated by His warning against “the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees,” Matthew 16:6. Thus, “leaven” for Christ, represented a corrupt nature and teaching; as the disciples later understood (Mat. 16:12). Thus, the consistency and beauty of the blood symbolism cannot be fittingly represented by “fermented wine,” which stands in the Scriptures for human depravity and Divine indignation. The value of a Biblical symbol cannot be overemphasized here and is determined by its capacity to help us conceptualize and experience the spiritual reality it should represent -- Jesus, The Christ.
H) DEUTERONOMY, CHAPTER 14
Another (made) complicated passage is Deuteronomy 14:26, and one that Christians really have a more difficult time explaining, where it mentions “strong drink,” as being acceptable. This totally flies against the instruction given in Leviticus 10:9-11: “[9] Do not drink wine [“yayan” fermented] nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die[LEST WHAT HAPPENS?]: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations: [10] And that ye may put difference [PUT WHAT?] between holy and unholy, and between unclean and clean; [11] And that ye may teach the children of Israel all the Statutes which the LORD hath spoken unto them by the hand of Moses.” But does the Bible generally contradict Itself, or are we misappropriating this passage? For this passage clearly states: “and thou shalt eat there before the LORD thy God.” Deuteronomy 14:26.
Notice that the” tithe” offering that the offeror was bringing in Deuteronomy 14:23, was unfermented “wine [Tiyrosh = Fresh grape-juice (as in just squeezed), rarely fermented, new].” Now we can break verse 26 down properly. This verse is discussing the bringing of the “tithe” unto “the place which the LORD thy God shall choose,” verse 25. And that is to “bestow that money [“tithe”] for whatsoever thy soul lusteth after, for oxen, or for sheep, or for wine, or for strong drink, or for whatsoever thy soul desireth.” Verse 26.
Don’t miss this point. These things you “bestow[ed] that money [the “tithe”]” on is given to “the LORD thy God,” not for you!!! For you wouldn’t want to fall into the category of Malachi 3:8: “Will a man rob God? Yet ye have robbed Me. But ye say, Wherein have we robbed Thee? In tithes and offerings.” Then, in verse 26, after you have paid this “tithe,” (see verse 28 to prove again that this is a “tithe” offering) then “thou shalt eat there before the LORD thy God, and thou shalt rejoice, thou, and thine household.” This would be with your own money; which is also used in verse 27. Plus, you would ONLY be eating that which is approved by God.
You would not want to be eating and drinking the Lord’s “tithe” money. Thus, this cannot possibly be referring to the “tithe” being spent upon “whatsoever thy soul lusteth after,” for you!!! But rather, for your lust and zeal for the Lord. In a side note: According to Numbers 15:7, “fermented wine” could be used for a Biblically acceptable offering. Note, “offering.” Unless you now consider this verse to be speaking of “Indian Givers.”
Therefore, we can see that God’s ideal has always been for a higher, more sanctified way of life. Deuteronomy 29:6states: “Ye have not eaten bread, neither have ye drunk wine or strong drink: that ye might know that I Am the LORD your God.” This flies in the face of His earlier statements made because of “the hardness of” their hearts. Here however, God is quite clear as to the manner in which He would have His people live, even going to the point of cursing and wiping out the names of drunkards from the “Book of Life” (see Deu. 29:19-20).
The Christian need not be in doubt as to God’s Will and Standards in these matters, and is therefore without even the limited excuse which men had in Old Testament and early Church times (Mat. 19:9; 1Ti. 3:2; Tit. 1:7-8). Something to keep in mind is that when God says, “Don’t,” what He really means is: “Don’t hurt yourself.”
Note: How the “fermented” wine was used by the priests in the tithe offering is unclear and needs more study. If you have some insight into that, let me know. Maybe in order to start a fire easier for the lighting of the Candles?
I) PSALM, CHAPTER 104, VERSE 15
According to this verse “fermented wine,” i.e., “yayin,” “maketh glad the heart of man.” Whereas, in Judges 9:13, the “wine” referred to there is “unfermented,” i.e. “tiyros,” and is the kind of “wine” that “cheereth God [WHO?] and man.” Granted, it may “glad[en]” men’s hearts, such as a drug that one becomes addicted to and enjoys for a season; but is it pleasing to God? Plus, I am confident that it was not recommended to be used in excess.
J) PROVERBS, CHAPTER 31
A quick look at Proverbs 31, verses 6 & 7. For those who would dare to use these verses as acceptable times for the use of “strong drink,” consider verses 4 & 5, where there is no appropriate time given for those who need or want their reasoning faculties to always be exercised. It is also to be noticed that in Christ’s day, “the ladies of Jerusalem provided for criminals on their way to the place of execution a drink of medicated wine, which might deaden the pain of suffering. This was the draught rejected by Christ, Who willed to taste the full bitterness of death.” As recorded in, “The Pulpit Commentary.” Thus, our Lord Himself would never touch “fermented wine.” See His rejection of it while upon the cross (Mat. 27:34). Therefore, why would anyone truly wanting to follow our Lord’s examples in all of life’s adventures want to do otherwise?
However, there is something to be said for those who are in constant pain, dying, or are terminally ill. To sooth the situation is somewhat acceptable when necessary. Medicine, taken in moderation, for a small period of time, to ease the pain, is totally acceptable. But to become addicted, needing it every day, or whenever you happen to think you may need it when you could have done without it, is learning towards trouble. Therefore, fermented wine, within Proverbs restrictions mentioned in verses 4-7, is Biblically acceptable. See Paul’s instruction to Timothy for his upset stomach (1Ti. 5:23).
K) ISAIAH 25:6
Many Christians use this expression, “wines on the lees” (I’m uncertain as to whether or not “wines” should be plural here), to justify drinking “fermented wine” now because we will be drinking it in the future. I can see their point. However, if we are to stand on that premise, then we are to ignore our Lord’s instructions of NOT to drink it NOW, which would also incur the injunction of not to drink it in the future. Remember, nothing dies in Heaven.
Let’s look at the Hebrew word itself, which is “semer.” This word is derived from “shamar,” and both come with the concept of, “to keep, to preserve, to retain, to retain the strength and color of the wine which is left to stand, old wine, wine with rich color and flavor.”
A clear instruction in Jeremiah 48:11 gives us a distinct understanding of what “wines on the lees” really means. The verse instructs that the wine has not been poured, or “emptied from vessel to vessel,” and its “taste remaineth in” it, and its “scent is not changed.” Also, Zephaniah 1:12 teaches us that wines, unless retained for a considerable time “on the lees,” lose their flavor and strength, and are of much less value (see John 2:10).
This may be a poor explanation, but if our Lord has prepared mansions for us to live in, in the future, and He has stated that He will “not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in My Father’s kingdom,” Matthew 26:29, then we can see what kind of “wine” He is really specifying. Note that it is “fruit of the vine,” fresh grapes, unfermented, but kept “on the less” so as to be ready for us at the “supper of the Lamb,” Revelation 19:9, just as the mansions are waiting to be occupied. Also, our Lord wants to “drink it new.” This can mean, “fresh and unfermented,” or, that He has not had it for a long time, or both.
The foregoing considerations indicate that the Biblical approval or disapproval of “wine” is determined not by the amount of wine consumed, rather, by the nature of the “wine” itself (as stated earlier). Thus, those who would advocate that the casual drinking of fermented wine is acceptable, or that a little fermented wine with dinner is tolerable or suitable with our Lord, are on unholy ground.
L) LUKE, CHAPTER 5
Our next objection is Christ’s statement that “new wine must be put into new bottles,” Luke 5:38, (see also Mat. 9:17; Mark 2:22).
Modernists see this statement as an indication that Jesus Commended the moderate use of alcoholic wine. This view rests on the assumption that the phrase “new wine” denotes wine freshly pressed, but already in a state of active fermentation. Such wine, it is said, could only be placed in new wineskins because old skins would burst under pressure. Fair argument. However:
This popular interpretation is very imaginative but not factual. Anyone familiar with the pressure caused by gas-producing fermentation knows that no bottle, whether of skin or glass, can withstand the pressure of fermenting new wine. As Alexander B. Bruce points out, “Jesus was not thinking at all of fermented, intoxicating wine, but of ‘must,’ a non-intoxicating beverage, which could be kept safely in new leather bottles, but not in old skins which had previously contained ordinary wine, because particles of albuminoid matter adhering to the skin would set up fermentation and develop gas with an enormous pressure.” Alexander Balman Bruce, in his work, “The Synoptic Gospels in The Expositor’s Greek Testament,” (Grand Rapids, 1956), page 500. Rather, the imagery of new wine in new wineskins is an object lesson in regeneration. A fresh new start; which is the “context.” Don’t ever ignore “context.” Fermentation is hardly fresh.
As aptly explained by Ernest Gordon, “The old wineskins, with their alcoholic lees, represented the Pharisees’ corrupt nature. The new wine of the Gospel could not be put into them. They would ferment it. ‘I came not to call the self-righteous but repentant sinners.’ The latter by their conversion become new vessels, able to retain the new wine without spoiling it (Mark 2:15-17, 22). So, by comparing intoxicating wine with degenerate Pharisaism, Christ clearly intimated what his opinion of intoxicating wine was.” Ernest Gordon, in his work, “Christ, the Apostles and Wine.” “An Exegetical Study,” (Philadelphia, 1947), page 20.
To be fair, the context does also (DUAL APPLICATION) lean in favor towards the meaning of fermented wine, since Christ uses the metaphor of the “old wine” to represent the old forms of religion and the “new wine” to represent the new form of religious life He taught and inaugurated. In this context, fermented old wine better represents the corrupted forms of the old Pharisaic religion. In the immediate context, Jesus uses the same Greek word “palaios,” of old garments, which He obviously did not esteem as better than new ones.
The statement about “old wine” seems to contradict the preceding one about “old garment,” but the contradiction disappears when one understands the purpose of the illustration, which is not to praise the superiority of “old wine” but to warn against an over-estimation of the old forms of religiosity promoted by the Pharisees. Such religiosity consisted, as verse 33 indicates, in the fulfillment of such external ascetic practices as frequent fasting and public prayer.
To justify the fact that His disciples did not adhere to such external forms of religiosity, Christ used four illustrations:
1) Wedding guests do not fast in the presence of the bridegroom (vs. 34-35);
2) New cloth is not used to patch an old garment (v. 36);
3) New wine is not placed in old wineskins (vs. 37-38) and;
4) New wine is not liked by those accustomed to drink the old (v. 39).
M) LUKE, CHAPTER 7
More than twenty centuries ago Jesus was accused of being “gluttonous, and a winebibber,” because He came “eating and drinking” (Luke 7:33-34: Mat. 11:19). Modernists find in Jesus’ description of His Own lifestyle as “eating and drinking” as an unmistakable proof that He openly admitted having used alcoholic, fermented wine. Moreover, it is argued, Jesus must have drunk alcoholic wine for His critics to accuse Him of being a “drunkard.”
This interpretation ignores several important considerations. The phrase “eating and drinking” is used idiomatically to describe the difference between the social lifestyle of Jesus and that of John the Baptist. John came “eating no bread and drinking no wine,” Luke 7:33. That is to say, he lived a lifestyle of full social isolation, while Christ came “eating and drinking,” which is to say, He lived a lifestyle of free social association.
A significant point often overlooked is that Jesus did not mention “wine” in describing His own lifestyle. While of John the Baptist it is said that he came “eating no bread and drinking no wine,” Luke 7:33, Jesus of Himself simply said: “The Son of Man has come eating and drinking.” If Jesus had wanted it to be known that, contrary to John the Baptist, He was a wine-drinker, then He could have repeated the word “wine” for the sake of emphasis and clarity.
Even assuming that His critics actually saw Jesus drinking something fermented, they would have readily accused Him of being a drunkard (even if they saw Him drinking grape juice, or water, for that matter, which they did). And, as we will see later, on the day of Pentecost, critics charged the Apostles with being drunk on grape-juice (“gleukos,” Acts 2:13, a non-alcoholic mixture). This goes to show that no matter what Jesus drank, His unscrupulous critics would have maligned Him as a drunkard. Sounds like politics to me.
N) ACTS, CHAPTER 2
Let’s look at Acts 2:13 again, which states: “Others mocking said, These men are full of new wine [Greek, “Gleukos,” meaning, “sweet wine, fresh juice, new wine”].” In essence the “Others” were “mocking” the disciples by saying: “These men are drunk from grape juice.” They were “mocking” them for being drunk on none other than the pure juice of the grape! Thus, in view of the established meaning of “gleukos” as un-intoxicating grape juice, the irony of the charge is self-evident. What the mockers meant is, “These men, too abstemious to touch anything fermented and have made themselves drunk on grape juice.”
Now here is an important point. This would also indicate that the disciples were known for their abstinence of alcoholic wine, and where also known for their consumption of the pure juice of the grape (their normal or actual choice of beverage). And, “The force of Peter’s plea is more fully realized when we consider that in all their feasts they were forbidden to drink anything but water, until the fourth hour.” “Prophetic Gift in the Gospel Church,” by J.N. Loughborough.
This than, becomes an indirect but very important proof of their abstinent lifestyle and of the abstemious (self-denying) life-style of their Teacher. Some assume that the mockers would not have accused the Apostles of being drunk unless they had seen some of them drinking “alcoholic wine” on previous occasions, or prior to this episode. The weakness of this reasoning is that it assumes that the accusation of the mockers was based on the factual observation of the Apostles drinking. Mockers however, do not necessarily base their slander on a factual observation; because, if the mockers really wished to charge the disciples with drunkenness, they would have accused them of being filled with “wine” (“oinos”) and not with “grape-juice” (“gleukos”). Doesn’t that make more sense?
O) EPHESIANS, CHAPTER 5
The most difficult text for Christians to answer however, is Ephesians 5:18, when Paul says, “And be not drunk with wine [Greek, “Oinos,” either fermented or unfermented, but obviously fermented here], wherein is excess.” Some have taken this to mean just don’t become intoxicated, while at the same time condoning the free use, although minimal, of fermented liquor.
NOW STAY WITH ME. I believe this reasoning is true, but only to the point that Paul was trying to emphasize a point. So, before you jump on me for my rash statement, please consider the context of the verse by finishing the rest of its thought and meaning, i.e., “but be filled with the Spirit.”
What Paul is really saying is, “Do not [at all, Don’t do this, Don’t drink any of this] be drunk with the cares of this world [verse 7, “Be not ye therefore partakers with them,” verse 11, “have no fellowship with” them], which leads to excessive living, but [herein lies the KEY -- “but,” in other words, the opposite of, as opposed to what he just stated preceding the “but” -- Don’t do the first part of the verse and the context of Chapter 5, “but” do] be filled with the Spirit [verse 9, “For the fruit of the Spirit is. . .” verse 15, “walk circumspectly].” We are thus called to be sacred vessels filled in “excess” with God’s Holy Spirit, “not drunk with wine,” or any portions of it, not even as a little you may have before or after dinner. Thus, the antithesis suggests that the contrast is not between moderation and excess, but between fullness of wine [earth’s cares] and fullness of the Spirit. Got it? I hope so.
By contrast, in the light of the numerous ancient and modern translations which have rendered the relative clause of Ephesians 5:18 as a condemnation, not of drunkenness but of “wine” itself as the cause of perdition, it would appear that on account of their predilection for “wine,” some English translators have chosen to save the face of “wine” by condemning drunkenness instead.
For example, the famous “Latin Vulgate” (written about A. D. 400; a Roman Catholic invention; I mean translation of which Protestents are supposed to be protesting against), reads: “et nolite inebriari vino, in quo est luxuria.” Let me translate that for you: “And be not inebriated with wine, in which is voluptuousness.” The connection between vino, “wine,” and “quo,” the word for “which,” is unmistakable in this Latin translation, because the relative “quo” has the same neuter gender as that of “vino,” upon which it depends. Thus, it and we should be condemning any use of “fermented wine.” It is rare to agree with Catholicism. So please excuse me.
Remember, this is a Roman Catholic translation of the Bible and they believe it is proper to have fermented wine. They even, of course, condone fermented wine for use in the service representing Passover (Communion). And non-Protest churches are falling into this trap also.
Numerous other modern translations follow the rendering of the “Latin Vulgate” in its faithful literalness in an effort to clarify the spiritual application (which is what we should always be looking for in God’s Word) of “wine” verses “Spirit.” For example, the “French Synodal Version” reads: “Ne vous enivrez pas de vin: car le vin porte a la dissolution.” Translation: “Do not inebriate yourselves with wine, for wine leads to dissoluteness [decadence; overindulgence; licentiousness; self-indulgence].”
To remove any possibility for misunderstanding, the translators have repeated the word “wine” in the relative clause. The same clear connection is found in the French translation of David Martin, in the French Version, “d’Ostervald,” which is in the margin of the “New American Standard Bible,” and in “Robert Young’s Translation,” also in “The Good News German Bible” (“Die Gute Nachricht”), and in the “Italian Protestant Version, Riveduta,” by Giovanni Luzzi, as well as in the “Italian Catholic Version,” produced by the “Pontifical Biblical Institute.”
P) FIRST TIMOTHY, CHAPTER 5
In First Timothy 5:23, Paul instructs Timothy to, “Drink no longer water, but use a little wine [“oinos,” unclear as to it being unfermented or fermented] for thy stomach’s sake.” The Greek word used in this passage is “oinos,” which is nondescriptive, since we have no associating terms around it. However, if you consider that evidently Timothy must have been living under the Nazarene vow (see Judges 13:7) and drinking only “water,” then obviously Paul would have been instructing him to break that lifestyle and have a little grape-juice to help his stomach. Paul would hardly have asked Timothy to jump from water to alcohol.
It is well-known that the pure, “fresh juice of grapes,” has a soothing effect on stomach ulcers. It is also a well-known fact that “fermented wine” can contribute to upsetting the stomach. Thus, Paul would never be recommending “fermented wine” for stomach therapy.
Also consider that Paul did not say to Timothy, “drink,” but he said, “take.” A doctor, when prescribing the dosage of a medication to a patient, uses the verb “take.” Similarly, the adjective “little,” implies a very moderate use of wine.
Now notice: The Greek verb “take,” Greek, “kraomai,” as mentioned, is used by a doctor when prescribing the dosage of a medication to a patient. Similarly, the adjective “little,” Greek, “oligos,” implies a very moderate use of wine. This sounds more like a doctor’s prescription to a patient to “take” something that is healthful and medicinal, rather than a general principle for all people to follow in order to take something that is not healthy; but might be in a little quantity. One has to stretch really hard all of these Biblical texts once the spiritual meaning is brought out as I hope I have done.
Earlier in the same Epistle, Paul tells Timothy that the requirements of a Christian Bishop are not only to be abstinent (“nephalion”), but also a non-participant at drinking places and parties (“me paroinon,” 1Ti. 3:2-3). The Apostolic admonitions to abstinence are expressed through the Greek verb “nepho” and the adjective “nephalios” (see 1Th. 5:6-8; 1Pe. 1:13; 4:7; 5:8; 2Ti. 3:2 & 11; 4:5; Tit. 2:2).
There is noteworthy unanimity among “Greek Lexicons” on the primary meaning of the verb “nepho,” clearly meaning, “to abstain from wine,” and of the adjective “nephalios,” meaning, “abstinent, without wine.” See, for example, G. W. Lampe, in his work, “A Patristic Greek Lexicon,” (Oxford, 1961), s. v. “Nepho;” James Donnegan, in his work, “A New Greek and English Lexicon,” 1847 edition, s. v. “Nepho;” and Thomas S. Green, in his work, “A Greek-English Lexicon to the New Testament,” 1892 edition, s. v. “Nepho;” also E. Robinson, in his work, “A Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament,” (New York, 1850), s. v. “Nepho;” along with G. Abbott-Smith, in his work, “A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament,” 1937 edition, s. v. “Nepho;” additionally, Hesychius of Alexandria, in his work, “Hesychii Alexandri Lexicon,” 1858 edition, s. v. “Nephalios;” considered along with Demetrios C. S. Byzantios, in his work, “Lexicon Epitomou tes Ellenikes Glosses,” 1939 edition, s. v. “Nephalios.” It is therefore reasonable to assume that the Apostle would not have instructed Timothy to require abstinence of Church leaders without first teaching him the same principle in regards to wine.
The fact that Timothy had been drinking only “water” also implies that he had been following his master’s counsel very scrupulously. The abstinence of a Christian minister from “fermented wine” was based on the Old Testamentlegislation prohibiting priests to use intoxicating drinks (Lev. 10:9-10). The natural instruction would be that a Christian minister should be no less Holy than a Jewish priest, especially since the reason for the “Mosaic Law” remained the same: “(10) And that ye may put difference between holy and unholy, and between unclean and clean; (11) And that ye may teach the children of Israel all the statutes which the LORD hath spoken unto them by the hand of Moses.” Leviticus 10:10-11. Thus, our conclusion must be that “Paul advised Timothy to take a little wine for his stomach’s sake and oft infirmities, but he meant the unfermented juice of the grape. He did not advise Timothy to take what the Lord had prohibited.” “ST, September 6, 1899.”
Q) FIRST PETER
In the First Epistle of Peter, the admonition to physical abstinence, expressed through the verb “nepho,” occurs three times in this Epistle of Peter’s (1:13; 4:7; 5:8). It is noteworthy that in all the three texts, Peter’s own exhortation to abstinence is given in the context of readiness for the imminent Return of Christ. This implies that Peter, like Paul, grounds his call to a life of abstinence and holiness in the certainty and imminence of Christ’s Return. As such, we are to be ready with soberness, as opposed to drunk with the cares of this world.
In fact, the admonition to “be abstinent” assumes a radical form in First Peter 1:13, because it is followed immediately by the adverb “teleios,” which means “perfectly,” or “completely.” Thus, the correct translation is, “be completely or perfectly abstinent.” Unfortunately, most translators, presumably because of their predilection for drinking, have chosen to make “teleios” a modifier of the following verb “elpisate,” meaning “set your hope,” thus, rendering it “set your hope fully,” as in the “RSV.” Certainly then, you should agree that we are to set our “hope to the end,” First Peter 1:13, meaning, on the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, and not to the “hope” of becoming intoxicated (see 1Pe. 4:7).
The correct translation and understanding of First Peter 1:13 4:7; 5:8, “be sober,” again, the Greek being, “G3525; nepho,” meaning, “to abstain from wine.” That is pretty clear instruction.
Also, it is noteworthy that the “Latin Vulgate,” Jerome’s famous “Latin Translation,” which has served as the official “Roman Catholic Bible” throughout the Centuries, translates “teleios” as a modifier of “nephontes,” thus, “sobrii perfecte” means, “perfectly sober.” In the correct view and understanding of this verse then, Jerome’s Translation reflects accurately the intent of Peter, who repeats his call to abstinence twice in his Epistle.
Thus, the correct translation should be and could have been: “Therefore gird up your minds, being wholly abstinent [of worldly love], set your hope upon the grace that is coming to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ.” It is significant that all the admonitions to abstinence contained in the context of Peter’s discourse, is that one be ready for the preparation of the imminent return of Christ. Therefore, the example of being sober and not drunk with fermented wine at Christ’s Second Coming (or ever if you are to be ready at all times) is admonished. How this is missed is beyond me, except to say that people are not spiritually minded when dealing with God’s Word, and they have to have their addicted to alcoholic beverages at the ready when Christ Comes. Or at least at the dinner table in moderation, of course.
In an interesting side note, of the eight times in the Book of Revelation where “wine” is used, it is used symbolically to represent either “human depravity,” or “Divine Retribution,” and NEVER human authentication or justification. Therefore, the Apostolic admonitions to total abstinence could have constituted one of the most telling indications of the Biblical teaching on total self-denial. But Alas!
Several times, Peter (1Pe. 1:13; 4:7; 5:8) and Paul (1Th. 5:6-8; 2Ti. 4:5), urge believers to be abstinent in preparation for Christ’s Second Coming. Unfortunately, these admonitions are largely unknown because of the translators’ bias which render the verb “nepho,” which really means “ne = do not, pino = drink,” as, “be sober.” There is noteworthy unanimity among “Greek Lexicons” on the primary meaning of the verb “nepho” as meaning, “to abstain from wine,” and of the adjective “nephalios,” as meaning, “abstinent, without wine.”
The Biblical truth expressed in Isaiah 28:7, where priests and prophets are rebuked for having become “confused with wine,” “erring in vision,” and “stumbling in judgment,” because of “through wine [yayin; fermented], and through strong drink [needs no Hebrew word for me to explain that to you],” is brought out even fuller when the “Talmud” brings out this truth most graphically stating: “When the wine enters the system of a person, out goes sense, wherever there is wine there is no understanding.”
Our God gave this specific instruction to the High Priest Aaron concerning the priests: “(9) Do not drink wine [yayin; fermented] nor strong drink [“shekar”], thou, nor thy sons with thee, when you go into the Tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die [how much stronger language should our Lord have used here, other than “DIE?”]; it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations: (10) and that ye may put difference between the holy and the unholy, and between the unclean and the clean; (11) And that ye may teach the children of Israel all the Statutes which the LORD hath spoken unto them by the hand of Moses.” Leviticus 10:9-11 (see also Eze. 44:23). In other words, if you wish to drink (“strong wine”) anything fermented, you are no longer “holy” in God’s sight. Think about that for a minute.
If one really wants to be confused in regard as to the Biblical use of “Fermented” and “Unfermented” Biblical wine, consider Genesis 49:10-12:
10. The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh Come; and unto Him shall the gathering of the people be.
11. Binding His foal unto the vine, and His ass’s colt unto the choice vine; He washed His garments in wine [“yayin,” fermented], and His clothes in the blood of grapes [unfermented wine]:
12. His eyes shall be red with wine [“yayin,” fermented], and his teeth white with milk [unfermented wine].
Here we see a picturing of the Second Coming of our Lord, which will be sweet for those in the unfermented wine camp, but bitter for those in the fermented wine camp. Those of you who have to justify your consumption, be advised.
R) IN CONCLUSION
To conclude the point of this discussion then, we must ask ourselves, does the Bible differentiate and condemn the drinking of “wine,” “fermented” and “unferemnted,” thus making it a sin against our body temple? And/or, does God want us to live as if we’ve taken the “Nazarene Vow” in regards to the use of “wine” (or any other thing as far as that goes), and live our lives based upon a higher standard, which Jesus Himself has set?
Please discover the following verses in regards to the proper Biblical use of Wine: Genesis 9:21; 19:32-35; Judges 13:4 & 7 & 14; First Samuel 1:15; Proverbs 20:1; 23:20 & 29-32; 31:4-8; Isaiah 5:11 & 22; 28:7; Hosea 4:11; Habakkuk 2:15; Luke 1:15; Romans 13:13; 14:21; Ephesians 5:18. And for examples where the Bible wholeheartedly approves of its use as a Divine blessing for people to enjoy in the “unfermented” aspect, please see: Genesis 27:28; 49:10-12; Psalm 104:14 & 15; Isaiah 55:1; Amos 9:13; John 2:10 & 11.
Thus, since Biblical “fermented wine” is denounced as “treacherous,” Habakkuk 2:5, and as “a mocker,” Proverbs 20:1, that “bites like a serpent and stings like an adder,” Proverbs 23:32, shouldn’t the Bible help us to understand that it would be better to avoid the shame and suffering caused by drinking “fermented wine,” in which Scripture admonishes no moderation, but total abstinence, i.e., “Do not [even] look at wine,” Proverbs 23:31.
For grape juice used as a positive symbol, see Genesis 27:28; 49:10-11. In Deuteronomy 33:28, it is used to represent the Divine blessing of material prosperity. For the blessing of the Messianic age, see Joel 2:18-19; Jeremiah 31:10-12; Amos 9:13 & 14. For the free offering of God’s saving grace, see Isaiah 55:1. For the wholesome joy God offers to His people, see Psalm 4:7; 104:14-15. And, for the acknowledgment of God through the use of “grape juice” as “tithe offerings and libations,” see Exodus 29:40; Leviticus 23:13; Numbers 18:12; Deuteronomy 14:23.
For wine used as a negative symbol, see Isaiah 19:14; Revelation 14:10; 16:19; 17:2; 18:3, where it represents apostasy, immorality, corruption, and Divine wrath. Where it represents the distortion and perception of reality, see Proverbs 23:33; Isaiah 28:7. Where it represents the incapacity to make responsible decisions, see Leviticus 10:9-11. Where it represents the weakened moral sensitivities and inhibitions, see Genesis 9:21; 19:32; Habakkuk 2:15; Isaiah 5:11-12. Where it causes physical sickness, see Psalm 60:3; Proverbs 23:20-21; Hosea 7:5; Isaiah 19:14. And where it disqualifies an individual for both civil and religious service, see Leviticus 10:9-11; Proverbs 31:4-5; Ezekiel 44:23; First Timothy 3:2-3; Titus 1:7-8.
From the source, “Adventist Review,” October 2018, there has been a recent study (I know; all “Studies” can tend to be “Biased,” however, this one is the most extensive and was done to both look for the benefits of “wine” and or its “side-effects.” As published in “The Lancet,” in the August 23, 2018 edition, which is a prestigious scientific journal based in the United Kingdom, this landmark study integrates an honest data analysis from 694 data sources collected over a 26-year period from 195 locations around the globe. Thus, this study is the first global integrated metadata analysis that has been accomplished on alcoholic use.
I refer to this “study” because, first of all, its honesty, and second of all, because the methodology is strong and the researchers could have used the analysis of others and improved upon them. But they didn’t, because of their wanting to be honest. Their conclusions are groundbreaking and should be definitive in world health news.
Their conclusions are astonishing:
1) “Alcohol is a major factor in global mortality and disease burden and the highest risk factor for those aged 19-45.”
2) “All-cause mortality was associated with any level of alcohol use.” DID YOU SEE THAT? “Any level of alcohol use.”
3) “Risk of many types of cancers increased with any level of alcohol use.”
4) Grapes in their natural form are beneficial to health. However, once fermentation takes place, see above.
“Satan gathered the fallen angels together to devise some way of doing the most possible evil to the human family. One proposition after another was made, till finally Satan himself thought of a plan. He would take the fruit of the vine, also wheat, and other things given by God as food, and would convert them into poisons, which would ruin man’s physical, mental, and moral powers, and so overcome the senses that Satan should have full control. Under the influence of liquor, men would be led to commit crimes of all kinds. Through perverted appetite the world would be made corrupt. By leading men to drink alcohol, Satan would cause them to descend lower and lower in the scale.” RH, April 16, 1901, paragraph 7; CCh:101; Te:12. Let alone the Drug consumption.
“There is no class guilty of greater perversion and abuse of His precious gifts than are those who employ the products of the soil in the manufacture of intoxicating liquors. The nutritive grains, the healthful, delicious fruits, are converted into beverages that pervert the senses and madden the brain. As a result of the use of these poisons, thousands of families are deprived of the comforts and even the necessaries of life, acts of violence and crime are multiplied, and disease and death hurry myriads of victims to a drunkard’s grave.” RH, November 8, 1881, paragraph 1.